Descriptive
Knowing or imagining happiness
On the axis: The highest good · a life
Do we really know what would make us happy, or is happiness a shifting ideal of the imagination, so indeterminate that no firm rule can be drawn from it?
Philosophers' positions
0
20
80
Justification
Nothing is good without limitation except a good will: morality, not happiness, is the supreme good and the condition of all worth. The complete highest good does include happiness, but only proportioned to virtue and as crowning it, hence a minority weight and the exclusion of .
Nothing in the world, indeed nothing even beyond the world, can possibly be conceived which could be called good without qualification except a good will.Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, section I
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, section I · Critique of Practical Reason, Dialectic, II
Anchors: Kant