The questions

Relation to oneself· Body and lifedifficulty

Enhancing human nature

Should we use technology to enhance human nature beyond healing?

Healing repairs what falters, but should we go further, and make ourselves stronger, smarter, all but immortal? To refuse is perhaps to accept limits and sufferings we could lift; to accept is to risk dissolving what makes us human and opening a gulf between enhanced human beings and ordinary ones. To take a position is to say what, in us, must remain untouchable.

TranshumanismBioconservatism
The poles, and who holds them

Transhumanism

1

Human nature is not sacred: it is a transitional state that we have the right, and perhaps the duty, to improve. Through biotechnology, we could expand our physical and cognitive capacities, push back aging and death, and reduce suffering.

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Associated figures: Bostrom
Who stands here
Transhumanismexplicit

Where bioconservatism sees in human nature a limit to be respected, transhumanism treats the body and mind we are given as a contingent starting point, shaped by blind evolution. Nothing sanctifies this inheritance: to forbid medicine, genetics or cognitive enhancement from extending our capacities in the name of "nature" would be a superstition. Enhancement is merely the deliberate continuation of what culture and technology have always done.

More, 'Transhumanism: Toward a Futurist Philosophy' · Bostrom, 'In Defense of Posthuman Dignity'

Bioconservatism

0

Technologically altering human nature is a dangerous transgression: it threatens personal dignity, equality between generations, and our relation to what is given. Fragility and finitude are not flaws to be fixed, but conditions of a meaningful human life.

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Associated figures: Jonas · Habermas · Sandel
Who stands here

No figure stands here, in this slice.

Youyou have not taken a stand on this axis yet.Locate yourself1 figures · 1 movements mapped
Problems

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Going further

Related problems to broaden toward other axes

  • PrescriptiveExistential
    Defeating death?

    What if death were no longer a fate but a disease to cure: should we push back our limits endlessly through technology, or is there a wisdom in consenting to our mortal condition?

    the mortal conditionDeath
  • PrescriptiveVital
    Doing away with suffering

    Should we aim at the abolition of all suffering, whether by the spiritual cessation of the desire that breeds it or by an engineering that would erase it from our bodies? Would a life with no pain at all still be human, still desirable?

    sentient existenceThe meaning of suffering
  • PrescriptiveMoral
    Repairing or enhancing the human

    When technology no longer transforms the world but its author, healing shades into enhancing: that threshold is a question in its own right.

    the human bodyRelation to technology

All problems →