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Relation to the world· Aesthetics

Aestheticism

Axis: Beauty in lifeIs beauty at the heart of a flourishing life, or a secondary luxury next to ethics and usefulness?

Beauty is what justifies and fulfills existence: making one's life a work of art, seeking the intensity of beautiful sensations and beautiful forms. Existence is justified only as an aesthetic phenomenon.

Who holds this position

Movements 1

Show inferred positions (1)
Romanticisminferable

Romanticism makes art and beauty the highest place of existence, at times above the morality and utility the Enlightenment prized. To live poetically, to make one's life a work, to touch the absolute through beauty: the aesthetic becomes a way of being, even a path of salvation, and not a mere ornament.

Schiller, Letters on the Aesthetic Education of Man · Novalis, Hymns to the Night

Philosophers 3

Nietzscheexplicit

It is only as an aesthetic phenomenon that existence and the world are eternally justified: the thesis of subordinates the meaning of life to the aesthetic rather than the moral register. Art, not morality, is the truly metaphysical activity of man.

The Birth of Tragedy, §5 and §24 · The Birth of Tragedy, "Attempt at a Self-Criticism", §5

Show inferred positions (2)
Camusinferable

For Camus, to create is one of the highest ways of living : the work of art, faithful to the sensible world without claiming to explain it, is a form of and beauty that justifies existence. This value granted to creation leans toward aestheticism, without erasing the ethical demand of a revolt in solidarity.

The Myth of Sisyphus (1942), "Absurd Creation" · The Rebel (1951), "Rebellion and Art"

Zhuangziextrapolated

Zhuangzi's ideal is not moral duty but a light, played existence whose grace is akin to the artist's: the butcher whose blade dances "to the rhythm of the Mulberry Forest," the painter who strips naked to paint at his ease. The successful life is less a matter of rightness than of ease and beauty of gesture, which makes it an aestheticization of existence, even though the word art is anachronistic here and the aim remains a liberation rather than a cult of the beautiful.

Zhuangzi, ch. 3 (Cook Ding) · Zhuangzi, ch. 21 (the naked painter)

Foundations and implications
↑ What grounds itAestheticism — Beauty in life!AestheticismBeauty in life
Prescriptive
Tragic thought — Tonality of reality=Tragic thoughtTonality of reality
Descriptive
A leaf — an application that grounds nothing further here.

What grounds it

Tonality of reality

If the world is without order or justice and no meaning is given to it, beauty remains the only way to redeem its horror and to consent to it. Tragic thought grounds aestheticism: Nietzsche holds that it is only as an aesthetic phenomenon that existence is justified, and makes life itself a work to be created.

What it implies

A leaf — an application that grounds nothing further here.

Practices
Romanticizing the everydayStanceInspired by Novalis

To give the common a lofty meaning, the known the dignity of the unknown, the finite the glow of the infinite: this is to romanticize.

called « romanticizing » the power to look at the ordinary world so as to give it back its depth and mystery. It is a disposition to cultivate: before a street, a face, a banal gesture, to suspend the habit that makes them grey and to find again the strange, the beautiful, the infinite hidden in them. Reality does not change; it is the gaze that re-enchants it.

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Problems
  • PrescriptiveAesthetic Thought experiment
    Life as a work of art

    Making one's life a work of art, seeking the intensity of beautiful sensations: is such a life self-sufficient, or does it end up hollow, indifferent to good and evil and stalked by boredom?

    a whole life
  • PrescriptiveAesthetic
    The beautiful and the good

    Are the beautiful and the good one, or are they rivals: does beauty raise the soul toward the good, or seduce it by flattering appearances against duty?

    a beautiful act
  • PrescriptiveExistential
    Does beauty save?

    Is beauty a mere ornament, or what redeems an otherwise absurd or suffering existence and makes it bearable?

    existence as a whole
  • PrescriptiveAesthetic
    Enjoying beauty or creating it

    Is the aesthetic life about gathering beautiful experiences as a connoisseur, or about fashioning oneself as a work by giving one's existence style?

    a life
  • Descriptive
    Where the value of beauty comes from

    Is beauty a real perfection of things, or merely a pleasure of taste? If it is all a matter of taste, its claim to count in a flourishing life weakens.

    a beautiful thing
  • PrescriptiveAesthetic
    Beauty of the senses or of the mind

    Does the aesthetic life rest first on the pleasures of the senses, falling then under the same suspicion as they do, or on a form that transcends them?

    aesthetic pleasures