Charity or justice
On the axis: Moral demandingness · the global economic order
If distant misery stems from unjust institutions we benefit from, giving is no longer enough: the duty would be to repair and transform the order, not to give alms. Is individual giving a duty, or the alibi of an ongoing injustice?
Justification
The moral demand is high: always act from duty and not from mere conformity, subjecting all one's maxims to the universal law. Kant tempers this by distinguishing perfect duties, strict and without exception, from imperfect duties such as beneficence or the cultivation of one's talents, which leave latitude to judgment, holding back from an extreme maximalism.
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, section II · Metaphysics of Morals, Doctrine of Virtue
Anchors: Kant · Pogge
leads to: Distributive justice (Does justice stop at borders?)