See the axis · Sincerity

Objection

The arbitrary line

Between lying and letting someone believe, the line you draw is less clear than it seems.

Objects to

  1. Rigorism forbids the lie, yet permits staying silent, being evasive, letting a false impression settle in.
  2. But a calculated silence or a half-truth can deceive just as surely as a lie, and with the same intent to mislead.
  3. To save the word this way while absolving the manoeuvre is to preserve the letter of sincerity while sacrificing its spirit.

Therefore If deceiving by silence is allowed and deceiving by words forbidden, then it is the intent to deceive, and not the lie alone, that ought to be at issue.

Possible resolutions of the objection

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