Descriptive
Found, imposed, or made?
On the axis: Status of norms (metaethics) · the moral rule
Is a norm inscribed in the nature of things, is it merely might dressed up as justice, or do we make it through a fair procedure? And can a rule that is merely constructed still bind?
Philosophers' positions
Major
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Justification
Against the relativism of Protagoras, for whom "man is the measure of all things", Plato grounds values in objective Forms, the Just itself and the Good itself, which depend on neither convention nor opinion. Good and justice are universal and real, knowable by reason.
Theaetetus, 152a, 170a-172b · Republic, VI, 504e-509b
Anchors: Thrasymachus · Plato · Rawls · Habermas
leads to: The source of morality