← See the axis · Political liberty
ObjectionAttacks the reasoningThe objection from liberty and its security
Non-domination confuses liberty with its guarantee: exposure to a power takes nothing away from what one can do; it only makes liberty precarious.
Objects to
Paley · The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy · 1785
- Distinguish what I can do today from how solid that power is tomorrow: being free is one thing, being assured of remaining free another.
- The kind master's slave can, today, act as he pleases across the whole field left open: what he lacks is the certainty that this field will stay open, that is, the security, not the extent, of his liberty.
- The dependent's self-censorship shows the practical cost of dependence; describing it needs no new definition: the mere probability of interference already reduces the liberty one can count on, and it is precisely in terms of expected interference that it gets measured.
- It will be replied that only arbitrary, uncontrolled power dominates; but then the disagreement becomes one of degree: the more a power is checked, the less likely interference becomes, and "domination" can be measured as a risk of interference, with no new concept.
Therefore Dependence makes liberty fragile and precious to guarantee; it does not change what being free means.
Possible resolutions of the objection
Challenges